Have you ever experienced a mild shock when you touch certain appliances while in operating condition? Sometimes these shocks can be dangerous and can lead to major hazards. To avoid mishappenings, it is always advisable to have a proper earthing done to the building. This process of sharing the charges with the earth is called earthing. Earthing is a simple way for the leakage of current and hence protects the devices from electrical damage. Grounding is also one such safety process that protects the entire power system from malfunctioning and is mainly used for unbalancing the load when the electric system overloads.

Earthing is defined as“the process in which the instantaneous discharge of the electrical energy takes place by transferring charges directly to the earth through low resistance wire.”

Low resistance earthing wire is chosen to provide the least resistance path for leakage of fault current. Let us know more about earthing and its types in this article.

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To ensure safety, earthing can be done by connecting the electrical appliance to earthing systems or electrodes placed near the soil or below the ground level.

The electrode or earthing mat equipped with a flat iron riser is installed under the ground level. It helps to connect all the non-current-carrying metallic parts of the equipment.

This picture below shows the earthing system incorporated into an electrical system.

When the overload current is passed through the equipment or when the fault occurs in the system due to the current, the fault current from the equipment flows through the earthing system. The earth mat conductors aid in raising the voltage value equal to the resistance of the earth mat multiplied by a ground fault and helps guard the equipment against overload current or fault current.

In homes, there shall be three types of wires, live, neutral, and earth. Live and neutral carry electric current from the power station and the earth is connected to the buried metal plate. Electric appliances like refrigerator, iron box, TV are connected to the earth wire while operating. Hence, these devices are protected from the surge or faulty electrical supply. Local earthing is done near the electrical meter of the house.

Here is a video with animations to help you understand the process of Earthing.